The correct answer is: C. Conservation of biodiversity
The Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro (1992), also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. The summit was attended by more than 178 governments and 1,400 non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The main outcome of the summit was the adoption of Agenda 21, a comprehensive plan of action for sustainable development.
Agenda 21 includes a number of specific goals and targets related to the conservation of biodiversity. These include:
- To achieve by 2000 a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss.
- To establish a comprehensive system of protected areas, covering at least 10% of each country’s land area.
- To develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
- To promote the integration of biodiversity conservation into national development planning.
- To strengthen international cooperation for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
The Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro was a landmark event in the history of environmental protection. It marked the beginning of a new era of international cooperation on biodiversity conservation. The summit’s outcomes have had a significant impact on the way that biodiversity is managed around the world.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Option A is incorrect because the Red List of Threatened Species is a list of species that are threatened with extinction. It was not established as a result of the Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro.
- Option B is incorrect because biosphere reserves are areas of land or sea that are designated for the conservation of biodiversity. They were not established as a result of the Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro.
- Option D is incorrect because the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an organization that works to conserve the world’s natural resources. It was not established as a result of the Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro.