Early waves of in-migration to Assam were primarily driven by:

The correct answer is: a) Economic opportunities.

Early waves of in-migration to Assam were primarily driven by economic opportunities. The region was rich in natural resources, such as timber, tea, and oil, and offered a chance for people to improve their lives. This was especially true for people from neighboring regions, such as Bengal and Bihar, who were facing economic hardship.

Political instability was also a factor in some cases, as people fled from conflict or persecution in their home countries. However, economic opportunities were the primary motivation for most early migrants to Assam.

Here is a brief explanation of each option:

• Economic opportunities: The region was rich in natural resources, such as timber, tea, and oil, and offered a chance for people to improve their lives. This was especially true for people from neighboring regions, such as Bengal and Bihar, who were facing economic hardship.
• Political instability: Some people fled from conflict or persecution in their home countries.
• Natural disasters: Assam is prone to natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes, which can also lead to displacement.
• Religious persecution: There have been some cases of religious persecution in Assam, but this has not been a major factor in in-migration.