Early Manipuri periodicals often faced challenges like:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Early Manipuri periodicals often faced challenges like censorship, limited readership, and financial constraints.

• Censorship: The British colonial government in India censored all publications, including newspapers and periodicals. This meant that editors and writers had to be careful not to publish anything that could be seen as critical of the government.
• Limited readership: The literacy rate in Manipur was very low in the early 20th century, which limited the potential readership for periodicals. In addition, the cost of newspapers and periodicals was high, which made them inaccessible to many people.
• Financial constraints: Periodicals were often not profitable, and many of them folded after a short time. This was due to a combination of factors, including low readership, high production costs, and lack of advertising revenue.

Despite these challenges, some early Manipuri periodicals managed to survive and make a significant contribution to the development of Manipuri literature and culture.