The correct answer is: A. Bengal.
Jharkhand was a part of Bengal Presidency during the British rule. The Bengal Presidency was one of the five main administrative divisions of British India. It was formed in 1765 after the Battle of Buxar and included the modern-day states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and parts of Assam and Chhattisgarh.
The Bengal Presidency was divided into several provinces, including Bihar and Orissa Province, which included Jharkhand. In 1905, the Bengal Presidency was divided into two provinces, Bengal and Eastern Bengal and Assam. Jharkhand was a part of Bengal until 1912, when it was transferred to Bihar and Orissa Province.
In 1936, Bihar and Orissa Province was divided into two provinces, Bihar and Orissa. Jharkhand was a part of Bihar until 2000, when it was granted statehood.
The other options are incorrect. Odisha was a part of Madras Presidency during the British rule. Uttar Pradesh was a part of the United Provinces during the British rule. Madhya Pradesh was a part of Central Provinces and Berar during the British rule.