The correct answer is: A. Mohammad Ghori.
Mohammad Ghori was a Muslim conqueror who invaded India from Afghanistan in the 12th century. He was the first Muslim ruler to conquer large parts of northern India, and his invasions led to the mass migration of Brahmins and Rajputs to the Western Himalayas.
Brahmins and Rajputs are two of the highest castes in Hinduism. They are traditionally associated with the land, and their migration to the Western Himalayas was a way of escaping the Muslim invaders. The Western Himalayas were a remote and mountainous region that was difficult for the Muslim invaders to reach, and it provided a safe haven for the Brahmins and Rajputs.
The migration of Brahmins and Rajputs to the Western Himalayas had a significant impact on the region. It led to the development of new Hindu kingdoms in the region, and it also helped to preserve the Hindu culture and traditions.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Muhammad-Bin-Tugulaq was a Muslim ruler who ruled over Delhi Sultanate from 1325 to 1351. He was not a conqueror, and he did not invade India.
- Mahmud Ghaznavi was a Muslim conqueror who invaded India from Afghanistan in the 11th century. He was the first Muslim ruler to conquer large parts of northern India, but he did not lead to the mass migration of Brahmins and Rajputs to the Western Himalayas.
- Timur-i-lang was a Muslim conqueror who invaded India from Central Asia in the 14th century. He was a powerful and ruthless conqueror, but he did not lead to the mass migration of Brahmins and Rajputs to the Western Himalayas.