The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Sikkim was a kingdom in the Himalayas that existed from the 17th century to 1975. It was founded by Phuntsog Namgyal, a Tibetan lama who was invited to Sikkim by the local people to help them defend themselves against the Gurkhas of Nepal. Namgyal established a new capital at Yuksom and began to expand his kingdom, conquering territory from Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet.
At its peak, Sikkim’s territory included parts of present-day Nepal, Bhutan, and the Chumbi Valley in Tibet. However, the kingdom began to decline in the 19th century, and in 1890 it was annexed by British India. Sikkim remained a part of India until 1975, when it became an independent state.
Option a) Present-day Nepal: Sikkim’s territory included parts of present-day Nepal in the medieval period. In the 17th century, Namgyal conquered the territory of present-day North Sikkim from the Gurkhas. This territory included the towns of Mangan and Namchi.
Option b) Modern Bhutan: Sikkim’s territory included parts of modern Bhutan in the medieval period. In the 17th century, Namgyal conquered the territory of present-day East Sikkim from Bhutan. This territory included the towns of Gangtok and Pelling.
Option c) The Chumbi Valley (Tibet): Sikkim’s territory included the Chumbi Valley in Tibet in the medieval period. The Chumbi Valley is a narrow valley that lies between Sikkim and Tibet. It is a strategically important region, as it provides a route between India and Tibet.
In conclusion, the correct answer to the question “During the medieval period, Sikkim’s territory extended to include parts of: a) Present-day Nepal b) Modern Bhutan c) The Chumbi Valley (Tibet) d) All of the above” is d) All of the above.