The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, the President can declare a State Emergency in a state if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
During a State Emergency, the President can:
- Suspend the Fundamental Rights of the citizens of the state.
- Dismiss the State government.
- Assume to himself all or any of the functions of the State government and all or any of the powers vested in or exercisable by the Governor or any other authority in the state.
- Place the entire executive power of the state under the control of the Union government.
The President can also make such incidental and consequential provisions as he may deem necessary or expedient for giving effect to the provisions of the Proclamation.
The President can revoke a State Emergency at any time by issuing a Proclamation to that effect.
The imposition of President’s Rule in a state is a serious matter and should only be resorted to in exceptional circumstances. It is important to note that the President’s Rule is not a permanent solution to the problems of a state. The underlying causes of the problems need to be addressed in order to ensure that the state can function effectively and democratically.