The correct answer is: A. Scattering
Scattering is the deflection of a beam of radiation (of any kind of wave) by particles of a much smaller wavelength. Raman scattering is a particular type of scattering that occurs when a photon interacts with a molecule. The photon can either be absorbed by the molecule, or it can be scattered in a different direction. If the photon is scattered, its energy can be changed, and this change in energy can be used to learn about the structure of the molecule.
Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through small openings. Interference is the superposition of two or more waves to produce a resultant wave having a different form and characteristics than either of the two interfering waves. Polarization is the restriction of an electromagnetic wave to a single plane of vibration.
Dr. C.V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, which is a type of light scattering that occurs when light interacts with matter. The Raman effect is named after Raman, who first observed it in 1928. The Raman effect is a very important phenomenon in physics and chemistry, and it has many applications in a variety of fields.