The correct answer is: a) Higher cropping intensity.
Canal irrigation systems provide a reliable source of water for crops, which allows farmers to grow multiple crops per year. This is known as cropping intensity. Cropping intensity is the number of crops grown per unit of land area in a given year. It is calculated by dividing the total area harvested by the total area planted.
Monoculture is the practice of growing a single crop in a field or area. This can lead to problems such as soil erosion, pests, and diseases. Rainfed agriculture is agriculture that relies on rainfall for water. This type of agriculture is often practiced in areas where there is little or no irrigation. Rainfed agriculture is more susceptible to drought and other weather conditions than irrigated agriculture.
Lower crop yields are not associated with districts with extensive canal irrigation systems. In fact, the opposite is true. Districts with extensive canal irrigation systems tend to have higher crop yields. This is because canal irrigation systems provide a reliable source of water for crops, which allows farmers to grow more crops and produce more food.