The correct answer is: a) Lawmaking and governance in India.
The Directive Principles of State Policy are a set of principles that are enshrined in the Indian Constitution. They are not enforceable in a court of law, but they are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. The Directive Principles provide a roadmap for lawmaking and governance in India, and they are intended to guide the state in its efforts to promote the welfare of the people.
The Directive Principles are divided into two parts: Part III, which deals with economic and social justice, and Part IV, which deals with the promotion of international peace and security. The Directive Principles in Part III include the right to work, the right to education, the right to health, the right to a living wage, and the right to social security. The Directive Principles in Part IV include the promotion of international peace and security, the promotion of friendly relations with other countries, and the settlement of international disputes by peaceful means.
The Directive Principles are important because they provide a framework for the state to follow in its efforts to promote the welfare of the people. They are also important because they can be used to interpret the Constitution. For example, the Supreme Court has used the Directive Principles to interpret the right to life in Article 21 of the Constitution.
The Directive Principles are not enforceable in a court of law, but they are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. The state is expected to follow the Directive Principles in its lawmaking and governance, and the courts can take into account the Directive Principles when interpreting the Constitution.
The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the purpose of the Directive Principles of State Policy. Option b) is incorrect because the Fundamental Duties of citizens are a separate set of principles that are enshrined in the Constitution. Option c) is incorrect because the Emergency provisions are a set of provisions that can be invoked by the President of India in times of emergency. Option d) is incorrect because the Judicial powers are the powers that are vested in the courts of law.