Directions : The following five (5) items consist of two statements, S

Directions :
The following five (5) items consist of two statements, Statement I and Statement II. Examine these two statements carefully and select the correct answer using the code given below.

Statement I :
36. The early Aryans, who were essentially pastoral, did not develop any political structure which could measure up to a State in either ancient or modern sense.
Statement II :
Kingship was the same as tribal chiefship; the term Rajan being used for tribal chief who was primarily a military leader and who ruled over his people and not over any specified area.

Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Statement I is false but Statement II is true
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2017
Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.
– Statement I: During the early Vedic period (Rigvedic period), the Aryans were predominantly pastoral and tribal. Their political organization was based on the ‘jana’ (tribe) and lacked the characteristics of a territorial state (e.g., defined territory, complex administration, standing army).
– Statement II: In this period, the ‘Rajan’ was essentially a tribal chief, primarily a military leader responsible for the protection of the tribe (‘jana’). His authority was over the people rather than a specific territory. This structure aligns with tribal chiefship rather than the concept of a state ruling over a fixed land area.
Statement II accurately describes the nature of the political head in the early Vedic period, highlighting his role as a tribal chief over people rather than a ruler of a territory. This characteristic precisely explains why the political structure of the early Aryans did not constitute a ‘State’ in the sense of a territorial and complex administrative entity, thus explaining Statement I.