Deforestation in the Shivalik Hills can increase the risk of:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Deforestation in the Shivalik Hills can increase the risk of floods, soil erosion, and landslides.

• Floods: Trees help to absorb water and prevent flooding. When trees are cut down, the water runs off the land more quickly, causing flooding.
• Soil erosion: Trees help to hold soil in place. When trees are cut down, the soil is more likely to be eroded by wind and water.
• Landslides: Trees help to stabilize the soil. When trees are cut down, the soil is more likely to slide down the hills.

Deforestation can also have a number of other negative impacts, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, and water pollution.