Copper sulphate crystals available in the market are blue coloured cry

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Copper sulphate crystals available in the market are blue coloured crystals. By careful heating, they turn to white colour. Which one of the following is responsible for the blue colour ?

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Water
Hydrogen
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2023
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Copper sulphate crystals available in the market are typically copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O). The blue colour is due to the presence of water molecules coordinated to the copper ions in the crystal lattice. When heated, these crystals lose the water of crystallization, turning into anhydrous copper(II) sulphate (CuSO₄), which is white or off-white. The colour change is a classic demonstration of the role of water of crystallization.
The blue colour of hydrated copper sulphate is caused by the presence of water molecules bound within the crystal structure.
The process of heating hydrated copper sulphate to remove water is an example of dehydration. The reverse process, adding water to anhydrous copper sulphate, will restore the blue colour and is often used as a test for the presence of water. Other metal salts also form coloured hydrates where water of crystallization affects the colour.

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