The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Punjab is a state in India that has a long history of labor unrest. In recent years, there have been a number of high-profile strikes and protests by workers in the state. These protests have been driven by a number of factors, including the informalization of work, the exploitation of migrant labor, and the lack of social security.
The informalization of work is a major problem in Punjab. A large number of workers in the state are employed in the informal sector, which is characterized by low wages, poor working conditions, and lack of job security. Many informal workers are also denied access to basic social services, such as healthcare and education.
The exploitation of migrant labor is another major problem in Punjab. A large number of migrant workers from other parts of India come to Punjab in search of work. However, they often face exploitation at the hands of their employers. They are often paid low wages, forced to work long hours, and denied basic rights.
The lack of social security is another major problem in Punjab. A large number of workers in the state do not have access to basic social security benefits, such as pensions, healthcare, and unemployment benefits. This leaves them vulnerable to poverty and destitution in the event of job loss or illness.
The combination of these factors has led to a situation where workers in Punjab are facing a number of challenges. These challenges have led to a number of protests and strikes in recent years. The government has taken some steps to address these challenges, but more needs to be done to ensure that all workers in Punjab have access to decent work and social security.
Here are some additional details about each of the options:
- Informalization of work: Informal work is work that is not covered by formal labor laws. This includes work that is done in the informal sector, such as in small businesses and farms, and work that is done by domestic workers and migrant workers. Informal workers often have low wages, poor working conditions, and lack of job security.
- Exploitation of migrant labor: Migrant workers are workers who move from one place to another in search of work. They often face exploitation at the hands of their employers, who may pay them low wages, force them to work long hours, and deny them basic rights.
- Lack of social security: Social security is a system of government programs that provide financial assistance to people who are unable to work due to old age, disability, or unemployment. Social security programs can help to protect people from poverty and destitution.