The correct answer is: a) Special educational provisions for STs.
Article 15(4) of the Indian Constitution states that “Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.”
This provision was included in the Constitution to address the historical and systemic discrimination faced by these groups. Special educational provisions are one way in which the State can help to address this discrimination and ensure that these groups have equal opportunities to succeed.
Some examples of special educational provisions for STs include:
- Reservation of seats in educational institutions
- Scholarships and other financial assistance
- Special coaching and training programs
- Provision of teaching staff who are familiar with the culture and language of STs
These provisions can help to level the playing field for STs and give them the opportunity to achieve their full potential.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Option b) is about land rights, which are not covered by Article 15(4).
- Option c) is about protection from social discrimination, which is covered by Article 15(1) and (2).
- Option d) is about political representation, which is covered by Article 330 and 332.