The correct answer is C. Both 1 and 2.
The East India Company officers were often contravened by the zamindar of South Bihar. This is because the zamindars were the hereditary landowners in South Bihar, and they had a great deal of power and influence in the region. The East India Company officers, on the other hand, were appointed by the Company to administer the region. There was often conflict between the zamindars and the Company officers, as the zamindars did not always agree with the Company’s policies.
The Marathas were the mounting threat to the Company’s Western frontiers of Bihar. The Marathas were a powerful Hindu warrior group from the Deccan region of India. They had been expanding their territory in the 18th century, and they were a major threat to the Company’s possessions in North India. The Company was concerned that the Marathas would invade Bihar, and they took steps to strengthen their defenses in the region.
In conclusion, both statements are correct. The East India Company officers were often contravened by the zamindar of South Bihar, and the Marathas were the mounting threat to the Company’s Western frontiers of Bihar.