The correct answer is B. Stephen Hawking.
Stephen Hawking was a British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009. His scientific work is widely recognized, and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2017 along with Roger Penrose.
Hawking was born in Oxford, England, on January 8, 1942. He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, at the age of 21. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. It causes muscle weakness and wasting, and eventually leads to death.
Despite his illness, Hawking went on to have a brilliant career in physics. He made significant contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity. He also wrote several popular science books, including “A Brief History of Time” and “The Universe in a Nutshell.”
Hawking died on March 14, 2018, at the age of 76. He was a brilliant scientist and a popularizer of science. His work has had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe.
The other options are incorrect. Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). C. V. Raman was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect. Abdus Salam was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for their contributions to the electroweak unification theory.