Consider the following statements about the issue of separate electora

Consider the following statements about the issue of separate electorate during the early decades of the twentieth century in India as a means to secure adequate representation for the deprived social categories in the absence of universal adult franchise :

  • 1. The All India Depressed Classes Association of M.C. Rajah was staunchly in favour of joint electorate.
  • 2. The All India Depressed Classes Leaders’ Conference demanded separate electorate.
  • 3. The Communal Award in September 1932 recognised the right to separate electorate for the ‘untouchables’.

Which of the statements given above are correct ?

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
All three statements are correct.
The issue of separate electorates versus joint electorates with reserved seats was a major point of contention regarding representation for the Depressed Classes in the early 20th century. Different leaders and organizations held varying positions on this matter at different times.
1. The All India Depressed Classes Association, particularly under the leadership of M.C. Rajah, was associated with advocating for joint electorates with reserved seats, notably through the Rajah-Moonje Pact of 1932, as opposed to separate electorates favoured by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar at the time. So, statement 1 is correct.
2. The All India Depressed Classes Leaders’ Conference held in 1930, presided over by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, formally demanded separate electorates for the Depressed Classes to ensure their effective representation, as he believed joint electorates would not achieve this. So, statement 2 is correct.
3. The Communal Award announced by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald in August 1932 indeed recognized separate electorates for the ‘Untouchables’ (Depressed Classes), alongside other communities like Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans. This award prompted Mahatma Gandhi’s fast unto death and led to the Poona Pact. So, statement 3 is correct.