Consider the following statements about Madurai, the capital city of t

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Consider the following statements about Madurai, the capital city of the Pandya kingdom :

  • It has been described in Maduraikkanchi as a large grand city, enclosed by walls on three sides and the Vaigai river on the fourth side.
  • The Arthashastra mentions it as a centre of fine cotton textiles.
  • Other literary sources describe it as a major craft centre.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2024
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Statement 1 is correct: The Sangam period text Maduraikkanchi provides a detailed description of Madurai as a large, well-fortified, and prosperous city located on the banks of the Vaigai river. Statement 2 is correct: Kautilya’s Arthashastra mentions Madura (Madurai) as a significant centre for the production of fine cotton textiles, indicating its importance in ancient trade and craft. Statement 3 is correct: Other Sangam literary sources and subsequent texts also describe Madurai as a bustling hub of various crafts (like weaving, metalwork, carpentry, etc.), trade, and cultural activities, highlighting its status as a major craft and commercial centre.
Madurai was a prominent capital of the Pandya kingdom during the Sangam Age and continued to be an important cultural, economic, and political centre in subsequent periods of South Indian history, known for its literature, trade, and crafts.
Madurai was a major city mentioned in accounts by various ancient travelers and writers, including Greek and Roman sources, which attested to its commercial importance.

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