Consider the following statements: 1. The Parliament of India is th

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. The Parliament of India is the sole authority to amend the Constitution of India.
  • 2. A Bill for the amendment of the Constitution can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
  • 3. The President of India must give his assent to a Bill for the amendment of the Constitution.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2010
Statement 1 is correct if interpreted as Parliament being the sole legislative body involved in the amendment process. Article 368 vests the power to amend the Constitution in Parliament. Although some amendments require ratification by state legislatures, the bill is passed by Parliament. Statement 2 is incorrect. A Bill for the amendment of the Constitution can be introduced in either House of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), not only in the Lok Sabha (Article 368(2)). Statement 3 is correct. Article 368(2), as amended by the 24th Amendment Act, 1971, makes it obligatory for the President to give his assent to a Constitution Amendment Bill passed by Parliament (and ratified by states, where necessary).
Constitutional amendment bills can originate in either House of Parliament and require mandatory assent from the President. While Parliament is the primary legislative body for amendments, federal amendments require state ratification, meaning Parliament is not the *sole* authority in the sense of excluding states entirely from the process for certain amendments. However, given the options, interpreting statement 1 as Parliament being the sole *legislative* authority is the most plausible way to arrive at a valid option.
Constitutional amendments are governed by Article 368. There are different procedures for amendment, requiring either a special majority of Parliament, or a special majority of Parliament plus ratification by half of the state legislatures.