Consider the following statements: 1. The Parliament of India can pl

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India.
  • 2. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2018
Statement 1 is correct. The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule by enacting a Constitutional Amendment Act under Article 368. Laws placed in the Ninth Schedule were initially intended to be immune from judicial review.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The absolute immunity from judicial review for laws in the Ninth Schedule was challenged and limited by the Supreme Court. In the *Kesavananda Bharati* case (1973), the Court propounded the ‘Basic Structure Doctrine’. Later, in the *I.R. Coelho case* (2007), the Supreme Court ruled that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973 (the date of the *Kesavananda Bharati* judgment) are open to judicial scrutiny and can be challenged on the ground that they violate the basic structure of the Constitution. Thus, it is not true that the validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule *cannot* be examined by *any* court.
– Parliament can add laws to the Ninth Schedule via constitutional amendment.
– Laws in the Ninth Schedule were initially considered immune from judicial review.
– The Supreme Court ruled that laws added to the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973, are subject to judicial review based on the Basic Structure Doctrine (*I.R. Coelho case*).
The Ninth Schedule was added by the 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951, primarily to protect agrarian reform laws from being challenged in courts on the ground of violation of fundamental rights (specifically, the right to property).
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