Consider the following statements: 1. The Parliament is competent t

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. The Parliament is competent to make laws on matters enumerated in the Union list and similarly, the State Legislatures are competent to make laws on matters enumerated in the State list.
  • 2. The Parliament alone has the power to make laws on matters not included in the State list or Concurrent list.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
The correct answer is C, as both statements are correct.
Statement 1 reflects the division of legislative powers between the Union and the States as laid down in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. The Union List contains subjects on which Parliament has exclusive power to make laws, and the State List contains subjects on which State Legislatures have exclusive power. Statement 2 deals with residuary powers. Article 248 of the Constitution and Entry 97 of the Union List grant Parliament exclusive power to make laws with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or the State List.
The Concurrent List contains subjects on which both Parliament and State Legislatures can make laws, with Union law prevailing in case of conflict. The distribution of legislative powers is a key feature of India’s federal structure, although the Union Parliament holds significant residuary powers, leaning towards a quasi-federal system with a strong center.