Consider the following statements: 1. The Constitution of India pres

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. The Constitution of India prescribes limits of territorial waters and maritime zones of India.
  • 2. The resources of the exclusive zone of India vest in the Union of India.
  • 3. The Constitution of India prescribes the limits of the exclusive economic zone of India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1 only
2 and 3
1 and 3
2 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
The Constitution of India does not define the limits of India’s territorial waters, continental shelf, or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). These limits are defined by legislation enacted by Parliament in accordance with international law. However, Article 297 of the Constitution states that all resources within India’s maritime zones vest in the Union of India. Therefore, only statement 2 is correct.
– Statement 1 is incorrect; the Constitution does not define maritime zone limits.
– Statement 3 is incorrect; the Constitution does not define the limits of the EEZ.
– Statement 2 is correct; Article 297 of the Constitution vests resources within the territorial waters, continental shelf, and EEZ in the Union.
– The limits of India’s maritime zones are determined by the Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and Other Maritime Zones Act, 1976.
India has sovereign rights over its territorial waters (up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline) and sovereign rights for exploring and exploiting resources in its continental shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone (up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline). These rights and the limits of these zones are regulated by parliamentary law consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).