Consider the following statements: 1. Creepers or climbers are commo

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. Creepers or climbers are commonly found in the tropical rain forest.
  • 2. The epiphytes, which do not have their roots on the ground, survive on the trees in the tropical rain forest.
  • 3. All epiphytes are not creepers.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1, 2 and 3
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
3 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2012
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are all correct.
Tropical rainforests are characterized by high biodiversity and a multi-layered structure. Plants adapt in various ways to compete for light and resources in this dense environment. Creepers, climbers (lianas), and epiphytes are common plant forms that utilize existing trees for support or growth medium. Epiphytes, unlike parasitic plants, do not draw nutrients directly from their host plant but obtain them from the air, rain, and debris. Epiphytes are a diverse group and include various plant types like orchids, ferns, bromeliads, etc., and not all of them are climbers or creepers in the traditional sense of growing along a surface.
Creepers and climbers use trees to reach sunlight in the upper canopy. Epiphytes grow on other plants (typically trees) without being rooted in the ground, allowing them to access sunlight higher in the forest. Examples of epiphytes include many species of orchids, bromeliads, and ferns. A climber ascends, while a creeper spreads along the ground; epiphytes grow *on* other plants. Thus, not all epiphytes are necessarily creepers or climbers, although some epiphytes might also exhibit climbing behaviour.