Consider the following statements: 1. Coal ash contains arsenic, lea

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. Coal ash contains arsenic, lead and mercury.
  • 2. Coal-fired power plants release sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen into the environment.
  • 3. High ash content is observed in Indian coal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2020
Statement 1 is correct: Coal ash (fly ash and bottom ash), a residue from burning coal, contains various heavy metals and toxic substances, including arsenic, lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium, and selenium.
Statement 2 is correct: Coal-fired power plants are major sources of air pollution. The combustion process releases sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) into the atmosphere, which are precursors to acid rain and contribute to respiratory problems.
Statement 3 is correct: Indian coal is known for having a relatively high ash content compared to coal found in many other parts of the world. This high ash content poses challenges for power plants in terms of handling and disposal of large volumes of ash and also affects the efficiency of combustion.
Coal combustion produces significant environmental pollutants, including toxic ash containing heavy metals and gaseous emissions like SO2 and NOx. Indian coal is characterized by high ash content.
The disposal of coal ash is a major environmental challenge. Efforts are being made to promote the utilization of fly ash in various applications like cement manufacturing, brick making, and road construction to minimize disposal impacts.