Consider the following statements: 1. Aluminium powder is used as a

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. Aluminium powder is used as a solid fuel for rocket engines.
  • 2. Compared to liquid fuel propelled rocket engines, the thrust per amount of fuel burned is higher in solid fuel propelled rocket engines.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2022
Statement 1: Aluminium powder is used as a solid fuel for rocket engines. This statement is correct. Aluminium is a common fuel ingredient in composite solid rocket propellants. It increases the propellant’s energy density and burning temperature, contributing significantly to performance.
Statement 2: Compared to liquid fuel propelled rocket engines, the thrust per amount of fuel burned is higher in solid fuel propelled rocket engines. This statement is incorrect. “Thrust per amount of fuel burned” is related to specific impulse (Isp), which measures the efficiency of a rocket engine. High-performance liquid propellants (like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen) generally yield higher specific impulse than typical solid propellants. A higher specific impulse means more thrust is produced per unit of propellant mass flow rate, or equivalently, a given amount of fuel produces thrust for a longer time. While solid rockets can provide high thrust for short periods and are simpler, their efficiency in terms of thrust generated per unit mass of fuel consumed is usually lower than optimized liquid systems.
– Aluminium powder is a common ingredient in solid rocket propellants, acting as a fuel.
– Specific impulse (Isp) is a measure of rocket engine efficiency, representing thrust per unit weight flow rate of propellant, or exhaust velocity.
– Liquid propellants, especially cryogenic ones like LH2/LOX, generally achieve higher specific impulse than solid propellants.
– Higher specific impulse means more thrust generated per amount of fuel burned (by mass).
Solid rocket motors are valued for their simplicity, reliability, and high thrust density (thrust per unit volume), making them suitable for applications where rapid acceleration and compact design are critical (e.g., missiles, strap-on boosters). However, their lower specific impulse and lack of thrust control or shut-off capability are disadvantages compared to liquid rocket engines for many applications, particularly for upper stages or missions requiring precise velocity control.