Consider the following: Pyroclastic debris Ash and dust Nitrogen c

Consider the following:

  1. Pyroclastic debris
  2. Ash and dust
  3. Nitrogen compounds
  4. Sulphur compounds

How many of the above are products of volcanic eruptions ?

Only one
Only two
Only three
All four
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2024
All four listed items are products of volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions release a variety of materials into the atmosphere and onto the Earth’s surface.
1. Pyroclastic debris: This refers to fragmented solid material ejected during an eruption, ranging from fine ash and dust to larger bombs and blocks.
2. Ash and dust: These are fine particles of pulverized rock and glass ejected from the volcano. They can travel long distances and pose significant hazards.
3. Nitrogen compounds: Volcanic gases typically contain significant amounts of nitrogen (often as N2), along with smaller amounts of nitrogen compounds like ammonia (NH3). So, nitrogen compounds are among the gaseous products.
4. Sulphur compounds: Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) are common and often abundant volcanic gases. These compounds can have significant environmental impacts, including contributing to acid rain and atmospheric aerosols.
Therefore, all four are products of volcanic eruptions.
Volcanic products include solid ejecta (lava, pyroclastics) and gases. Common volcanic gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and halogens.
The composition and quantity of volcanic products vary greatly depending on the type of volcano and the nature of the eruption. Volcanic ash plumes can disrupt air travel and affect climate.