Consider the following : Bacteria Fungi Virus Which of the ab

Consider the following :

  1. Bacteria
  2. Fungi
  3. Virus

Which of the above can be cultured in artificial/synthetic medium?

1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2021
Bacteria and Fungi can be cultured in artificial/synthetic medium.
– Bacteria and Fungi are generally heterotrophic organisms that can obtain nutrients from their environment. They can be grown in laboratory settings using various artificial media (like nutrient broth, agar plates, etc.) that provide the necessary nutrients, carbon sources, and growth factors.
– Viruses, on the other hand, are obligate intracellular parasites. They lack the cellular machinery required for replication and must infect living host cells to reproduce. They cannot replicate or be cultured in artificial/synthetic media alone. Instead, viruses are cultured using techniques involving live cells or tissues, such as cell cultures, embryonated eggs, or living animals.
Artificial media are typically composed of a defined mixture of salts, sugars, amino acids, vitamins, and sometimes complex organic substances like peptone or yeast extract. The composition of the medium can be adjusted to suit the specific nutritional requirements of different types of bacteria or fungi.