Consider the following aircraft : Rafael MiG-29 Tejas MK-1 How ma

Consider the following aircraft :

  • Rafael
  • MiG-29
  • Tejas MK-1

How many of the above are considered fifth generation fighter aircraft ?

Only one
Only two
All three
None
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2024
The question asks how many of the listed aircraft are considered fifth-generation fighter aircraft. Fifth-generation fighter aircraft are characterized by several key features, including stealth technology, supercruise capability (sustained supersonic flight without afterburners), high maneuverability, advanced avionics, high data-fusion capabilities, and network-centric warfare capabilities.
Let’s examine the listed aircraft:
– Rafael: The Dassault Rafale is a French twin-engine, canard delta wing, multirole fighter aircraft. It is widely considered a 4.5 generation fighter, incorporating advanced technologies and capabilities that bridge the gap between 4th and 5th generation aircraft, but it lacks the full-spectrum stealth required for true 5th generation status.
– MiG-29: The Mikoyan MiG-29 is a Soviet/Russian twin-engine jet fighter aircraft developed in the 1970s. It is widely considered a 4th generation fighter.
– Tejas MK-1: The HAL Tejas is an Indian single-engine, delta wing, light multirole fighter. The Tejas MK-1 is considered a 4th generation fighter aircraft. Subsequent planned variants (like Tejas MK-2 or the AMCA) are expected to incorporate more advanced features.
None of the aircraft listed (Rafael, MiG-29, Tejas MK-1) are classified as true fifth-generation fighter aircraft. Examples of fifth-generation fighters include the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, Sukhoi Su-57, Chengdu J-20, and Shenyang FC-31/J-31.
Therefore, none of the aircraft listed are fifth-generation fighter aircraft.
Fighter aircraft generations are a classification system used to categorize jet fighters based on their technological capabilities and historical development. The key characteristics of 5th generation fighters represent a significant leap in performance, situational awareness, and survivability compared to previous generations, primarily driven by stealth and advanced sensor fusion.
Aircraft like the Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon, and Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet are often referred to as 4.5 generation fighters because they incorporate some, but not all, features of 5th generation aircraft, particularly advanced avionics, sensors, and limited stealth features, but lack full-aspect stealth and often supercruise capabilities. This transitional category highlights the continuous evolution of fighter technology.