Consider the following about the initiatives taken by the Government of India with regard to total sanitation campaign:
- 1. Implementation of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan scheme
- 2. Encouragement of the use of bio-toilet facility developed by DRDO on bio-digester technology
- 3. Making toilet construction mandatory for every household
Which of the above is/are correct?
1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 only
Answer is Wrong!
Answer is Right!
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2012
Statement 2 is correct: Promotion of bio-toilets, including those developed by DRDO based on bio-digester technology, has been part of the government’s sanitation initiatives under schemes like NBA and later Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
Statement 3 is not entirely correct. While the campaign aimed for universal toilet coverage (effectively making it necessary for achieving the goal), making toilet construction legally “mandatory” for *every* household across the board can be an overstatement regarding the implementation mechanisms, which primarily relied on incentives and community approaches rather than strict legal mandates enforced on existing structures. However, the goal and strong policy push aimed for universal coverage, often interpreted as making it ‘mandatory’ to achieve Open Defecation Free status. Given that option A includes 3 and option B does not, and 1 and 2 are clearly stated initiatives, it’s more likely that 3 was not considered universally mandatory in a legal sense during the period the question pertains to (around early 2010s based on other question IDs). Therefore, 1 and 2 are the correct statements.