The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Industrial pollution, sand mining, and deforestation are all major causes of environmental degradation in Tamil Nadu.
Industrial pollution is caused by the release of harmful pollutants into the air, water, and soil from factories and other industrial facilities. These pollutants can cause a variety of health problems for humans and animals, as well as damage to the environment.
Sand mining is the process of extracting sand from rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. This can have a number of negative environmental impacts, including:
- Degradation of riverbanks and shorelines
- Sedimentation in waterways
- Loss of habitat for fish and other aquatic life
- Increased flooding
Deforestation is the clearing of forests for other uses, such as agriculture, development, or logging. This can have a number of negative environmental impacts, including:
- Loss of biodiversity
- Soil erosion
- Climate change
- Increased flooding
All of these activities are contributing to environmental degradation in Tamil Nadu, and it is important to take steps to address them.