The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Computing systems can provide strategic information by making decision analysis possible, providing corporate models for long-range planning, and causing managers to think.
Decision analysis is the process of making decisions by considering all possible outcomes and their associated probabilities. Computing systems can help with decision analysis by providing data, models, and tools to help managers evaluate different options.
Corporate models are mathematical representations of a company’s operations. They can be used to simulate different scenarios and to help managers make decisions about things like pricing, production, and marketing.
Computing systems can also cause managers to think by providing them with new information and insights. This can help managers to identify new opportunities and to develop new strategies.
In conclusion, computing systems can provide strategic information by making decision analysis possible, providing corporate models for long-range planning, and causing managers to think.