The correct answer is: C. internal coordination.
Internal coordination is the process of ensuring that the activities of different departments and individuals within an organization are aligned with the organization’s overall goals. It involves communication, cooperation, and collaboration between different departments and individuals.
Vertical coordination is the process of ensuring that the activities of different levels of management within an organization are aligned. It involves communication, cooperation, and collaboration between upper-level management, middle-level management, and lower-level management.
External coordination is the process of ensuring that the activities of an organization are aligned with the activities of other organizations in its environment. It involves communication, cooperation, and collaboration between an organization and its suppliers, customers, competitors, and other stakeholders.
Horizontal coordination is the process of ensuring that the activities of different departments within an organization are aligned. It involves communication, cooperation, and collaboration between different departments, such as marketing, sales, finance, and operations.