The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Climate change is a major threat to Kerala’s agriculture. The state is already experiencing the effects of climate change, including unpredictable rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, and increased pest and disease incidence. These changes are having a significant impact on agricultural production, and are likely to become even more severe in the future.
Unpredictable rainfall patterns are making it difficult for farmers to plan their crops. In some years, there is too much rain, which can lead to flooding and crop damage. In other years, there is too little rain, which can lead to drought and crop failure. This unpredictability is making it difficult for farmers to make a living from agriculture.
Rising temperatures are also having a negative impact on agriculture. Higher temperatures can stress crops, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. They can also reduce crop yields. In addition, rising temperatures are making it difficult for some crops to grow in Kerala. For example, coffee is a major crop in Kerala, but it is not tolerant of high temperatures. As temperatures continue to rise, coffee production in Kerala is likely to decline.
Increased pest and disease incidence is another major threat to Kerala’s agriculture. Climate change is creating conditions that are more favorable for pests and diseases. This is leading to an increase in the number of pests and diseases that are attacking crops. In addition, climate change is making some pests and diseases more virulent. This is making it more difficult for farmers to control pests and diseases, and is leading to increased crop losses.
The combined effects of climate change are having a significant impact on Kerala’s agriculture. The state is already experiencing the negative effects of climate change, and these effects are likely to become even more severe in the future. This is a major challenge for the state, and it is important to take steps to mitigate the effects of climate change on agriculture.