Home » UPSC SO-Steno » Clause (1) of Article 31A of the Constitution of India has been replac

Clause (1) of Article 31A of the Constitution of India has been replac

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Clause (1) of Article 31A of the Constitution of India has been replaced by a new clause and the amendment has been given retrospective effect. As a result of the amendment, in addition to laws relating to the abolition of zamindari, some more categories of welfare legislation have been taken out from the purview of which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India ?

Articles 13 and 17

Articles 14 and 19

Articles 18, 21 and 23

Articles 16, 20 and 32

This question was previously asked in

UPSC SO-Steno – 2018

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Article 31A provides for the saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. It specifically states that no law falling under its specified categories shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with, or takes away or abridges any of the rights conferred by *Article 14 or Article 19*. Therefore, laws protected under Article 31A are shielded from challenge based on alleged violations of Articles 14 and 19.

Article 31A was introduced to protect agrarian reform laws (like zamindari abolition) from being challenged on the grounds of violating fundamental rights, particularly the right to equality (Article 14) and the freedoms under Article 19 (especially property-related aspects before its removal from Part III).

Article 31A was inserted by the 1st Amendment Act, 1951, primarily to protect laws abolishing zamindari. Subsequent amendments expanded the categories of laws covered by Article 31A to include other agrarian reforms, taking over management of properties, amalgamation of corporations, extinction or modification of rights of directors/shareholders, and mining leases, all of which are protected from challenge under Articles 14 and 19.

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