The correct answer is C. Boolean algebra.
Boolean algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with the logic of statements. It is named after George Boole, who developed it in the 19th century. Boolean algebra is used in many fields, including computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics.
In computer science, Boolean algebra is used to design and analyze digital circuits. Digital circuits are made up of switches that can be either on or off. Boolean algebra can be used to represent the states of these switches and to design circuits that perform logical operations.
In electrical engineering, Boolean algebra is used to design and analyze electronic circuits. Electronic circuits are made up of transistors that can be either on or off. Boolean algebra can be used to represent the states of these transistors and to design circuits that perform logical operations.
In mathematics, Boolean algebra is used to study the properties of logic. Logic is the study of reasoning. Boolean algebra can be used to represent the different types of logical statements and to study their properties.
LISP and XLISP are programming languages. Neural networking is a type of machine learning. None of these are systems of mathematical logic.