Chromosomes are composed of DNA and :

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lipids

vitamins

proteins

carbohydrates

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UPSC CDS-2 – 2023

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Chromosomes in eukaryotic cells are complex structures primarily composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins. The main proteins associated with DNA in chromosomes are a group of basic proteins called histones. DNA wraps around histones to form nucleosomes, which are further condensed into chromatin fibers that make up chromosomes.

The DNA carries the genetic information, while the proteins, especially histones, play a crucial role in packaging and organizing the DNA within the limited space of the nucleus. This DNA-protein complex is known as chromatin.

Lipids, vitamins, and carbohydrates are essential biomolecules found in cells, but they are not the primary structural components that make up chromosomes along with DNA. The fundamental composition of chromosomes is DNA and protein (primarily histones).

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