The answer is D. Goitre.
Kwashiorkor, cretinism, and marasmus are all forms of malnutrition. Kwashiorkor is caused by a lack of protein, cretinism is caused by a lack of iodine, and marasmus is caused by a lack of both protein and calories. Goitre is a swelling of the thyroid gland, which is caused by a lack of iodine.
Kwashiorkor is a protein-energy malnutrition that affects children under the age of five. It is most common in areas where there is a shortage of protein-rich foods, such as milk, meat, and eggs. Symptoms of kwashiorkor include weight loss, muscle wasting, skin lesions, and edema (swelling of the hands, feet, and abdomen).
Cretinism is a condition that is caused by a lack of iodine during pregnancy or early childhood. It can lead to mental retardation, deafness, and stunted growth. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which are necessary for normal growth and development.
Marasmus is a form of malnutrition that is caused by a lack of calories. It is most common in areas where there is a shortage of food, such as in famine-stricken regions. Symptoms of marasmus include weight loss, muscle wasting, and skin lesions.
Goitre is a swelling of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. It is caused by a lack of iodine, which is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. Symptoms of goitre include a swelling in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and hoarseness.
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