Challenges to agricultural productivity in Arunachal Pradesh include:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above.

Arunachal Pradesh is a state in northeastern India with a population of over 1.3 million people. The state is characterized by its mountainous terrain, which makes it difficult to cultivate land. In addition, the state’s traditional farming practices are not always sustainable, and there is a lack of market access for agricultural products. These factors all contribute to the low agricultural productivity in Arunachal Pradesh.

Limited arable land: Arunachal Pradesh is a mountainous state with a large proportion of its land area covered by forests. This leaves a relatively small amount of land available for agriculture. In addition, the state’s mountainous terrain makes it difficult to cultivate land. This is because the land is often steep and rocky, and it can be difficult to access water for irrigation.

Traditional farming practices: The traditional farming practices in Arunachal Pradesh are not always sustainable. For example, many farmers in the state practice slash-and-burn agriculture, which involves clearing a piece of land by burning the vegetation on it. This practice can lead to soil erosion and deforestation. In addition, many farmers in the state use traditional methods of irrigation, such as diverting water from streams and rivers. This can lead to water shortages in other areas.

Lack of market access: There is a lack of market access for agricultural products in Arunachal Pradesh. This is because the state is located in a remote area, and it is difficult to transport goods to and from the state. In addition, the state’s population is relatively small, which means that there is a limited market for agricultural products.

These factors all contribute to the low agricultural productivity in Arunachal Pradesh. In order to improve agricultural productivity in the state, it is necessary to address these challenges. This could be done by increasing the amount of arable land, developing sustainable farming practices, and improving market access for agricultural products.