The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Social marginalization, economic deprivation, and limited access to basic services are all challenges faced by ST communities in Punjab.
Social marginalization refers to the process by which a group of people is excluded from mainstream society. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including discrimination, prejudice, and lack of opportunity. ST communities in Punjab are often marginalized due to their caste status. They may be denied access to education, employment, and other social services.
Economic deprivation refers to the lack of resources necessary to meet basic needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. ST communities in Punjab are often economically deprived due to their low social status and lack of access to education and employment opportunities. This can lead to poverty, hunger, and malnutrition.
Limited access to basic services refers to the lack of access to essential services, such as healthcare, education, and sanitation. ST communities in Punjab often have limited access to these services due to their remote location, poverty, and lack of awareness. This can lead to poor health, illiteracy, and disease.
These challenges can have a significant impact on the lives of ST communities in Punjab. They can limit their opportunities for education, employment, and social mobility. They can also lead to poor health, poverty, and social exclusion.