The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than choosing not to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones. Organic production is a holistic system designed to optimize the productivity and fitness of diverse communities within the agro-ecosystem, including soil organisms, plants, livestock and people. The principal goal of organic production is to develop enterprises that are sustainable and harmonious with the environment.
Organic farming faces a number of challenges, including:
- Limited market access: Organic products are often more expensive than conventional products, which can limit their market appeal. Additionally, there is a limited number of organic retailers, which can make it difficult for organic farmers to find buyers for their products.
- Lower yields initially: Organic farming methods can initially lead to lower yields than conventional farming methods. This is because organic farming practices, such as crop rotation and cover cropping, can take time to build up soil fertility and improve crop yields.
- Higher labor requirements: Organic farming methods often require more labor than conventional farming methods. This is because organic farmers often need to hand-weed their crops, apply compost and manure by hand, and monitor their crops more closely for pests and diseases.
- Competition from conventional farmers: Organic farmers face competition from conventional farmers who may be able to produce crops more cheaply. This can make it difficult for organic farmers to compete in the marketplace.
- Government regulations: Organic farmers must comply with a number of government regulations, which can add to the cost of production. Additionally, organic certification can be expensive and time-consuming.
Despite these challenges, organic farming is a growing industry. The global market for organic food and drink is estimated to be worth over $100 billion. Organic farming is also seen as a way to improve environmental sustainability and protect human health.