The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Migrant workers in Punjab face a number of challenges, including low wages, poor living conditions, and social exclusion.
Low wages: Migrant workers are often paid less than the minimum wage, and they may not be paid for overtime or other work-related expenses. This can make it difficult for them to support themselves and their families.
Poor living conditions: Migrant workers often live in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. They may not have access to basic amenities such as clean water and sanitation. This can put their health at risk.
Social exclusion: Migrant workers may be discriminated against because of their ethnicity, religion, or social class. This can make it difficult for them to find employment, housing, and education for their children.
The challenges faced by migrant workers in Punjab are significant. It is important to raise awareness of these challenges and to work to address them.