The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Sikkim is a small state in the Himalayas with a population of just over 600,000 people. The majority of the population lives in rural areas and relies on agriculture for their livelihood. However, the state faces a number of challenges that make it difficult for farmers to make a living.
One of the biggest challenges is the limited amount of arable land. The state is mountainous and much of the land is not suitable for farming. This means that farmers have to compete for the limited amount of land that is available.
Another challenge is the dependence on weather patterns. Sikkim is located in a monsoonal climate and the weather can be unpredictable. This can make it difficult for farmers to plan their crops and can lead to crop failures.
Out-migration to urban areas is also a challenge for farmers in Sikkim. Many young people are leaving the rural areas in search of better opportunities in the cities. This can lead to a shortage of labor on farms and can make it difficult for farmers to maintain their operations.
The challenges faced by farmers in Sikkim are complex and interrelated. There is no easy solution to these challenges, but it is important to understand them in order to develop effective solutions.
Here is a more detailed explanation of each option:
- Limited arable land: As mentioned above, Sikkim is a mountainous state with limited arable land. This means that farmers have to compete for the limited amount of land that is available. This can drive up the cost of land and make it difficult for farmers to make a profit.
- Dependence on weather patterns: Sikkim is located in a monsoonal climate and the weather can be unpredictable. This can make it difficult for farmers to plan their crops and can lead to crop failures. For example, if there is too much rain, crops can be damaged or destroyed. If there is not enough rain, crops may not grow properly.
- Out-migration to urban areas: Many young people are leaving the rural areas in search of better opportunities in the cities. This can lead to a shortage of labor on farms and can make it difficult for farmers to maintain their operations. Young people are often attracted to the cities because they offer better job opportunities, education, and healthcare.
These are just some of the challenges faced by farmers in Sikkim. It is important to understand these challenges in order to develop effective solutions.