The correct answer is: d) All of the above
In-migration is the movement of people into a country or region to which they are not native in order to settle there. In-migration can have a number of positive effects, such as increasing the workforce and stimulating the economy. However, it can also lead to a number of challenges, such as strain on infrastructure, social tensions, and environmental pressures.
Strain on infrastructure: In-migration can put a strain on infrastructure, such as roads, schools, and hospitals. This is because the influx of new people can lead to an increase in demand for these services. In some cases, this can lead to overcrowding and a decline in the quality of services.
Social tensions: In-migration can also lead to social tensions, as new arrivals may have different customs and values than the native population. This can lead to conflict and discrimination. In some cases, this can even lead to violence.
Environmental pressures: In-migration can also lead to environmental pressures, as the influx of new people can lead to an increase in pollution and resource consumption. This can have a negative impact on the environment, and can lead to problems such as deforestation and climate change.
In conclusion, in-migration can have a number of positive and negative effects. It is important to be aware of these challenges in order to manage in-migration effectively.