The correct answer is: B. Crucible process
The crucible process is a method of manufacturing steel by melting pig iron and scrap iron in a crucible and then adding carbon to the molten metal. The carbon is added in the form of charcoal or coke, and the molten metal is stirred to ensure that the carbon is evenly distributed. The molten steel is then poured into molds to form ingots or castings.
The cementation process is a method of manufacturing steel by heating iron in the presence of carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide reacts with the iron to form iron carbide, which is a hard and brittle material. The iron carbide is then removed from the iron by heating it in the presence of air. The resulting material is a soft and ductile steel.
The Bessemer process is a method of manufacturing steel by blowing air through molten pig iron. The air reacts with the impurities in the pig iron to form slag, which floats to the top of the molten metal and is removed. The resulting material is a high-quality steel.
The open hearth process is a method of manufacturing steel by heating pig iron and scrap iron in a furnace with a large open hearth. The impurities in the pig iron are removed by oxidation, and the carbon content of the steel is adjusted by adding or removing carbon. The resulting material is a high-quality steel.
In conclusion, the correct answer is: B. Crucible process. The crucible process is a method of manufacturing steel by melting pig iron and scrap iron in a crucible and then adding carbon to the molten metal. The carbon is added in the form of charcoal or coke, and the molten metal is stirred to ensure that the carbon is evenly distributed. The molten steel is then poured into molds to form ingots or castings.