The correct answer is: B. 40
The Panchayati Raj system was started in India by the 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution of India, which were passed in 1992. These amendments provided for the establishment of three-tier Panchayati Raj institutions at the village, block, and district levels. The 73rd Amendment also provided for the reservation of seats for women and Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in these institutions.
The Panchayati Raj system is a system of local self-government in India. It is a three-tier system, with institutions at the village, block, and district levels. The village level institutions are called Gram Panchayats, the block level institutions are called Panchayat Samitis, and the district level institutions are called Zila Parishads.
The Panchayati Raj system is based on the principle of devolution of power from the central and state governments to the local level. The institutions of Panchayati Raj are responsible for a wide range of functions, including agriculture, rural development, education, health, and sanitation.
The Panchayati Raj system has been credited with a number of positive outcomes, including increased participation of women and marginalized groups in governance, improved local-level planning and implementation of development programs, and greater accountability of elected representatives to the people.
However, the Panchayati Raj system has also faced a number of challenges, including lack of financial resources, inadequate capacity of elected representatives and officials, and political interference.
Despite these challenges, the Panchayati Raj system remains an important part of the Indian democracy. It is a system that has the potential to empower local communities and improve the lives of millions of people.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Option A, Article 32, deals with the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights.
- Option C, Article 45, deals with the provision of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14 years.
- Option D, Article 51, deals with the fundamental duties of citizens.