40th Amendment
44th Amendment
45th Amendment
Answer is Right!
Answer is Wrong!
The correct answer is: D. 45th Amendment
The 45th Amendment to the Indian Constitution was enacted on 20 December 1978. It added a new Part IVA to the Constitution, which contains the Fundamental Duties of citizens. The Fundamental Duties are a set of obligations that are expected of all citizens of India. They are intended to promote a spirit of patriotism and nationalism, and to uphold the unity and integrity of the nation.
The Fundamental Duties are as follows:
- To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
- To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
- To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
- To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
- To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; and to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
- To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.
- To develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
- To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
- To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
- To provide opportunities for education and to promote adult education.
The Fundamental Duties are not enforceable by any court, but they are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. The State shall, in making laws, take these duties into consideration.