The correct answer is (d) 42nd.
The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India, enacted in 1976, omitted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights. The amendment was passed by the Indira Gandhi government at a time when it was facing widespread criticism for its economic policies. The amendment also introduced a number of other changes to the Constitution, including the introduction of the Emergency.
The right to property was originally included in the Constitution as a fundamental right in Article 31. However, the 42nd Amendment amended Article 31 to state that “no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.” This effectively meant that the right to property was no longer a fundamental right, and could be taken away by the government without due process of law.
The 42nd Amendment was widely criticized by opposition parties and civil liberties groups. They argued that the amendment was an attack on the fundamental rights of citizens and that it would lead to the arbitrary deprivation of property. The amendment was also criticized for its other changes to the Constitution, including the introduction of the Emergency.
The 42nd Amendment was repealed in 1977 by the Janata Party government. The right to property was restored as a fundamental right in Article 300A. However, the amendment had a lasting impact on the Indian Constitution, and its legacy continues to be debated today.
The other options are incorrect because they do not refer to the amendment that omitted the right to property. The 24th Amendment, enacted in 1971, amended Article 312 to provide for the creation of All India Services. The 25th Amendment, enacted in 1972, amended Article 368 to make it easier for the government to amend the Constitution. The 44th Amendment, enacted in 1978, repealed the 42nd Amendment and restored the right to property as a fundamental right.