The correct answer is d) All of the above.
Kerala is a state in India that is located on the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea. The state has a long coastline and is prone to earthquakes and floods. As a result, building codes in Kerala need to incorporate seismic-resistant design, flood-resistant measures, and coastal setbacks.
Seismic-resistant design is important to protect buildings from earthquakes. Earthquakes can cause buildings to collapse or sustain significant damage. Seismic-resistant design can help to reduce the risk of injury and death from earthquakes.
Flood-resistant measures are important to protect buildings from floods. Floods can cause buildings to be inundated with water, which can damage the structure of the building and the contents of the building. Flood-resistant measures can help to reduce the risk of damage from floods.
Coastal setbacks are important to protect buildings from coastal erosion. Coastal erosion is the process of land being lost to the sea. Coastal erosion can be caused by waves, tides, and storms. Coastal setbacks can help to reduce the risk of damage from coastal erosion.
In conclusion, building codes in Kerala need to incorporate seismic-resistant design, flood-resistant measures, and coastal setbacks. These measures are important to protect buildings from the natural hazards that Kerala is prone to.