British policies towards tribal areas in Arunachal Pradesh were often characterized by a mix of:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

British policies towards tribal areas in Arunachal Pradesh were often characterized by a mix of direct control and indirect rule, military suppression and negotiation, and development efforts and resource extraction.

• Direct control was used in areas where the British had a strong military presence, such as the Brahmaputra Valley. In these areas, the British appointed officials to administer the territory and collect taxes.
• Indirect rule was used in areas where the British had a weaker military presence, such as the hills of Arunachal Pradesh. In these areas, the British allowed local rulers to maintain control over their own affairs, but they also appointed British officials to advise them and to collect taxes.
• Military suppression was used to deal with tribal groups that resisted British rule. The British often used force to suppress rebellions and to enforce their authority.
• Negotiation was also used to deal with tribal groups. The British sometimes negotiated treaties with tribal leaders in order to gain their cooperation.
• Development efforts were made to improve the lives of the people in tribal areas. The British built roads, schools, and hospitals in these areas. They also encouraged the development of agriculture and trade.
• Resource extraction was also carried out in tribal areas. The British extracted timber, minerals, and other resources from these areas.

The British policies towards tribal areas in Arunachal Pradesh were often contradictory and inconsistent. This was due to the fact that the British were trying to balance their need for control with their desire to avoid provoking rebellions. The British policies had a significant impact on the people of Arunachal Pradesh, and they continue to shape the region’s politics and development today.